2nd lecture, dr. Haydar Al-Hammami #2

[AwsAdnan]

today ....i found the lecture very interesting ,at last i know completly what papule ,nodule.....

i mena i used to know some deal about them ,but now i'm on solid ground.

i have to say that i find dermatolgy very appealing ,it's like i see my future as a dermatologist ,yet they are the most costing doctors ,so maybe i'll try to make a change

[Kademad]

it was a very good lecture indeed.

I found this in a site and I thought it might be helpful....

Macule:


A macule is a flat lesion; it is not elevated and it is not depressed. The macule is recognizable as a skin lesion because it is a different color than the surrounding normal skin. White, brown, and red are the most common color changes seen in macules. Macules appear in many shapes. When a macule is larger than 5mm in diameter, it is called a patch. A freckle is an example of a macule.


Papule:


A papule is a small, solid, elevated skin lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter. The top of a papule can be flat, pointed, or rounded. Papules are seen in many skin diseases, including acne, fungal infections, and lichen planus.


Nodule:


A nodule is a solid, deep-seated mass located in the dermis of subcutaneous tissue which produces an elevation on the skin surface. Nodules are often described as "marble-like." Inflammatory processes, such as acne, can produce nodules. Nodules can also be neoplasms (abnormal growths characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation), such as basal or squamous cell carcinomas. Large nodules are often called tumors. Skin tumors may be benign or malignant.


Plaque:


A plaque is an elevated, flat-topped lesion greater than 0.5cm in diameter. Plaques are often described as being shaped like a plateau. Plaques covered with silvery scales are common lesions in psoriasis.


Cyst:


A cyst is a deep-seated mass filled with liquid or semisolid material and surrounded by a capsule (an enveloping layer of tissue). A cyst may be as small as a pinhead or as large as a fist. Most cysts result from a blockage of follicular ducts or glandular structures. Cysts appear in very severe acne.


Wheal:


A wheal is a rounded or flat-topped, firm elevated lesion that results from edema (swelling) of the dermis. Wheals are often pink with a whitish center. The wheal is the classic lesion of hives.


Pustule:


A pustule is a vesicle filled with cloudy or purulent fluid, such as pus. Pustules are often associated with hair follicles, but they can exist independently of a follicle. Pustules are seen in acne, cutaneous yeast infections, pustular psoriasis, and folliculitis.


Vesicles and Bullae:


Vesicles and Bullae are blisters filled with clear fluid. A vesicle can be as large as a pea; when a vesicle is bigger than a pea it is called a bulla. Vesicles and bullae may form within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, and they may contain more than one chamber. These lesions can be provoked by physical or chemical damage (sunburn, chemical burns), infections (herpes simplex, athletes's foot), or immunological responses (allergic contact dermatitis).


Fissure, erosion & ulcer:

A fissure is a thin but deep linear split in the epidermis that extends into the dermis. Severe dry skin can have fissures. An erosion is a depressed lesion that is wider than a fissure but not as deep. An erosion, which is usually moist, may result from a ruptured vesicle or bulla. An ulcer is a deep erosion in which all of the epidermis and part of the dermis are eaten away (eroded). A bed sore is an ulcer. Ulcers often leave scars.


Scar:


A scar is a visible change in the skin's appearance following repair after skin injury or disease. The repair process may result in either too little scar tissure (atrophic scar) or too much tissue (hypertrophic scar). The scar pictured here is hypertrophic.


Scale:


Scales accumulate when the stratum corneum produces corneocytes faster than they can be shed through desquamation. Scales are dry, whitish or brown platelike stratum corneum cells that visibly flake from the skin surface. Scaling is a common feature of many skin diseases. Disorders of keratinization, like xerosis and ichthyosis, are characterized by scaling. Many inflammatory dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and hand dermatitis, are characterized by scaling. Scale should be distinguished from crust, which is liquid debris, like pus, that has dried on the skin surface.


Lichenification:


Lichenification is thickening of the epidermis. Lichenified skin looks dry and leathery, and normal skin markings are exaggerated. Repeated scratching and rubbing of the skin can cause lichenification. Severe dry skin and skin affected by atopic dermatitis is often lichenified.


Telangiectasia:


Telangiectasia is a condition characterized by enlarged, visible superficial blood vessels. (The condition is called telangiectasia; an individual lesion is a telangiectasis; multiple lesions are telangiectases.) Telangiectasia is a possible side effect of the application of topical corticosteroids. Rosacea is also characterized by telangiectasia.


sorry if it's too long.

[yezen]

It is very nice and really helpful especially in the clinical aspect...when u start ur dermatology clinical session u really need to learn these terms BY HEART.... and it could be a very nice introduction to dermatology I suggest this to be printed and tailed with the first lecture ....it is really helpful...


salam...

[Ghayath]

Mannnn .. YoU RoCk Ma World
on behalf of many .. i say that this is some good work bro.
i will try to surf for some similar cool stuff like this on other sub ... keep up

[Kademad]

I'm soo glad that you liked it, this encourages me to try finding online contents related to our subjects from now on.

I wish we all try to do that from time to time.

[AwsAdnan]

thanks kadem you're the MAN ...please can you tell me whats your source for these wonderful images

[Kademad]

www.google.com

[sinan]

thanx man